<h3 fr-original-style="" style="margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">How is COP27 different from other COP's?</h3>Five years after the signing of the Paris Agreement at COP21, COP26 resulted in the Glasgow Climate Pact, which kept alive the goal of reducing global warming to 1.5 degrees, but, as the then British Presidency explained, this result took place ‘with a weak pulse’. At COP26, countries agreed to make stronger commitments in the year that followed, including updated national plans with more ambitious goals, but so far only 40 out of 193 countries have submitted their plans to the UN.The mission of the COP27 was to have been the ‘planning for the implementation’ of negotiated promises and commitments. Egypt called for action on an inclusive and broad scale. According to experts, the conference will be the stage for reviewing how to apply the Paris Rulebook, as well as negotiations on some points that remained ambiguous after Glasgow. Top among these issues is the pledge of ‘loss and damage’ financing and ‘adaptation’ financing of US$ 100 billion, which developed countries will provide annually to low-income countries and countries at the forefront of the crisis, to cope with the consequences of climate change that go beyond what these countries can adapt to. The talks will also include technical discussions, such as how countries should measure their emissions. All these discussions should pave the way for the first Global Situation Assessment at COP28, which targets an assessment of global collective progress on the Paris Agreement in 2023.<h3 fr-original-style="" style="margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Who participatd in COP 27?</h3>Held between November 6-18, 2022 the main event will be at the Sharm El Sheikh International Convention Center. So far, more than 40,000 participants have registered for the event, representing governments, businesses, civil society and young people.The themes of this year are Finance, Science, Youth and Future Generations, Decarbonization, Adaptation and Agriculture, Gender, Water, Civil Society, Energy, Biodiversity and Solutions. For the first time this year, a day will be set aside for ‘solutions’.As always, the conference will take place in two zones, the Blue Zone and the Green Zone. The Blue Zone is managed by the host UN, and in order to enter this area, all participants must be approved by the UNFCCC Secretariat. This is where all negotiations between the delegates will be held. In addition, a long list of lively events will be organized by governments and accredited observers, including youth advocates and scientists. The Green Zone is where the business world, youth, civil society, academia and artists from all over the world will have a space to be present and participate. This zone aims to promote inclusive and dynamic dialogue and participation among climate actors through events, exhibitions, workshops, cultural performances and interviews.What outcomes were expected from COP27?<ul fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; list-style-position: inside; box-sizing: border-box;"><li fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Emission reduction</li></ul>More generally, the expected outcome is an increase in efforts to reduce climate change by reducing or preventing the emission of greenhouse gases. These goals can be achieved by using new technologies and renewable energy sources, making old equipment more energy efficient, or changing management practices or consumer behavior.Countries are expected to show how they plan to implement the promises made in the Glasgow Pact, to review their climate plans and to create a work programme on mitigation.<ul fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; list-style-position: inside; box-sizing: border-box;"><li fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Adaptation</li></ul>In order for countries to protect their citizens, they need to adapt to the consequences created by climate change. These consequences are evidenced by more fires or floods, droughts, hotter or colder days, or a rise in sea levels. At COP26, delegates have adopted a work programme on the global cohesion targets set out in the Paris Agreement. The plan was put into practice to equip societies and countries with the knowledge and tools to ensure that the adaptation measures they have taken will indeed move the world forward towards a more climate-resistant future.COP27 expects nations to put forward plans to increase their own resilience as well as helping vulnerable communities. This means that countries’ national climate plans should contain more detailed and ambitious commitments.The UNFCCC warns that it is necessary to significantly increase adaptation funding from public and private sources in order to respond to current and future climate risks. Governments, financial institutions and all players, including the private sector, are expected to contribute.<ul fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; list-style-position: inside; box-sizing: border-box;"><li fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Climate finance</li></ul>Climate finance will once again be the main theme at COP27, with many discussions on finance already on the agenda. Developing countries, especially those most vulnerable, are making their voices heard more loudly as time goes on for developed countries to provide adequate financial support.In Copenhagen in 2009, developed countries pledged that they would provide this financing, but official reports still show that this goal has not been met. Experts expect COP27 to make this commitment a reality. The Egyptian Presidency intends to follow up on all the commitments made at this and previous COP meetings.<h3 fr-original-style="" style="margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">The impact of war on the COP process</h3>The landscape has changed as a result of the war. Indeed, due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, we are in the midst of a global inflation, energy, food and supply chain crisis with countries like Germany reducing their short-term climate targets, while the ground-breaking Sino-US Climate Working Group first announced at Glasgow has been suspended for the time being.It is expected that some countries will roll-back last year's commitments at COP27.There is also some discussion on whether the war is &nbsp;something of a ‘wake-up call’ for countries to become self-sufficient in energy. It is a fact that the easiest route to self-sufficiency is through increasing renewable energy sources, which also lead to a reduction in emissions.

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