Yazan: Jim O’NeillLONDRA – Bir arkadaşım geçenlerde bana Birleşik Krallık'ın durumundan şikâyet eden ve hâlâ bir G7 ülkesi standartlarını karşılayıp karşılamadığını sorgulayan bir müşteriden gelen bir e-posta iletti. Buna cevaben, halkın Avrupa Birliği'nden ayrılmayı seçmesinden bu yana, ülke, müşterinin tarif ettiği kasvetli durumda olsa da belki buradan daha da kötüye gidemeyeceğini söyleyerek şaka yaptım. Bir muhalif, işler biraz bile daha az umut kırıcı olduğunda ruh hâlinin iyileşeceği gerekçesiyle pound satın almak isteyebilir.Aslında, kara mizahı bir kenara bırakırsak, bu riskli bir bahis olacaktır. Çünkü daha cesur politikalar olmadığı sürece ülkenin çok zorlanacağını gösteren yeterli kanıt var. Sebepler, Brexit'ten başlayarak birbiriyle ilişkili üç geniş kategoriye ayrılıyor.İngiltere, hem AB'den ayrılma kararı hem de bu kararın alınma şekliyle birçok yönden felç oldu. Ana akım politikacılar ve mevcut hükümet, Brexit'in ekonomiye önemli ölçüde zarar verdiğini kabul etmekten çok korkuyor. Düzenleyici ve ticari politikaların uyumlanması yoluyla AB'nin tekil pazarına üyeliği taklit etme olasılığını da tartışmayacaklar.Taktiksel bir mesele olarak, mevcut hükümetin isteksizliği, <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-13/sunak-would-lose-uk-seat-under-poll-giving-labour-20-point-lead" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">mevcut kamuoyu yoklamaları</a> ve Nigel Farage gibi hevesli Brexit taraftarlarının ısrarlı baskısı göz önüne alındığında bir şekilde anlaşılabilir. Ancak İşçi Partisi de nispeten sessiz kaldı. İşçi Partisi lideri Keir Starmer, AB'de kalmanın en <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/24/world/europe/starmer-britain-brexit.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">açık savunucularından</a> biri olsa da, anketlerde parti zaten önde olduğu için konuyu yeniden gündeme getirmek istemiyor gibi görünüyor.Bu akıllıca mı? İngiltere'nin AB'den ayrılması durumunda hoşnutsuz seçmenlerin memnun olacağı konusunda önceden uyarı yapan tüm önde gelen analistler, şimdi aynı seçmenlerin bazılarının karardan veya en azından uygulanma şeklinden <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-poll-regret-economy-rejoin-eu-b2242226.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">pişman</a> olduklarına işaret ediyorlar. Brexit'in ekonomi için gerçekten kötü olduğuna dair kesinlikle çok az şüphe var. Standart ekonomik göstergeler, reel <a fr-original-style="" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.KD.ZG?locations=OE-GB" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">GSYİH büyümesi</a> (enflasyona göre ayarlanmış), <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.ippr.org/news-and-media/press-releases/uk-business-investment-fell-to-lowest-rate-in-the-g7-after-corporation-tax-cut-to-19-per-cent-ippr-finds" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">yatırım</a> seviyeleri ve <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.economicsobservatory.com/how-has-the-uks-pandemic-labour-market-compared-with-other-g7-countries" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">işgücünün büyüklüğü</a>, hepsi İngiltere'nin son yıllarda emsallerine göre daha düşük performans gösterdiğine işaret ediyor.2016 Brexit referandumundan önce, ekonomi için ilk başta neredeyse kesinlikle bir olumsuzluk olacak olsa bile, neden birçok kişinin AB'den ayrılmak isteyebileceğini anlayabiliyordum. AB'nin ülkenin karşı karşıya olduğu en önemli sorun olduğuna inanmıyordum. İngiltere'nin korkunç <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.ft.com/content/e7a8cb3a-efcc-4d62-962b-d284545c14f6" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">üretkenlik</a> performansı ve şaşırtıcı <a fr-original-style="" href="https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/how-big-are-regional-economic-inequalities-in-the-uk/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">bölgesel eşitsizlikleri&nbsp;</a>konusunda daha endişeliydim. Kalmayı tercih etmeme rağmen, en azından AB'den ayrılmanın bu sorunların üstesinden gelmek için gerekli siyasi şoku sağlayacağı fikrine açıktım.Ancak sonraki dört başbakan, ülkenin yatırım ve üretkenlik zorluklarını ele alacaklarını iddia ederken, hiçbiri ya iktidarda yeterince uzun süre kalmadıkları için ya da bu fikre hiçbir zaman içtenlikle bağlı olmadıkları için bunu yapmadı.Bu bizi İngiltere'nin ikinci büyük sorununa getiriyor. <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.evidenceinvestor.com/uk-equity-funds-fared-dreadfully-in-the-recent-dowturn/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">Yatırım performansımız</a> eşdüzeylerimizin çoğuna göre korkunç olmaya devam ediyor ve büyük bir değişiklik olmadıkça verimliliğin nasıl artacağını görmek zor. Brexit'in hem ticaret hem de işgücü arzında yarattığı şok, yeni bir yatırım programının oluşturulmasını daha da acil hâle getirdi.2022'de Liz Truss'un kısa ömürlü hükümeti, eskiden kalma vergi indirimleri yoluyla üretkenliği artıracağını iddia etti, ancak bunun <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/pound-weakening-uk-us-fiscal-monetary-policy-factors-by-jim-o-neill-2022-09?barrier=accesspaylog" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">nasıl sonuçlandığını</a> biliyoruz. Şimdi, onun yerine geçen Rishi Sunak, yatırım harcamalarını artırmak için hâlâ acil olan ihtiyaca çok az dikkat ederken, <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.livemint.com/news/world/rishi-sunak-eyes-50-billion-of-tax-hikes-spending-cuts-for-his-new-economic-plan-11666949776584.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">mali sorumluluğa</a> odaklanıyor. Sunak’ın hükümeti finansal piyasaların güvenini yeniden kazanmış olsa da, ekonomi için yeni bir beklenti oluşturmadı. Daha da kötüsü, bir sonraki seçime daha <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-62064552" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">iki yıl</a> olabilir.İngiltere'de ve diğer gelişmiş ekonomilerde, özel sektörü yatırım harcamalarını artırmaya zorlamak için çok daha cesur politikalar yapmaya yönelik açık bir durum var. Daha cesur kamu yatırımı harcamaları için durum daha da güçlü. Böyle bir program, İngiltere'nin Bütçe Sorumluluğu Ofisi ve Ulusal Altyapı Komisyonu gibi iyi ifade edilmiş, şeffaf ve partizan olmayan kuruluşlar tarafından onaylandığı sürece, finansal piyasalar olumlu yanıt verecektir.Üçüncü büyük sorun <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/comment/government-progress-levelling-up-budgets" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">bölgesel eşitsizlik</a>. Burada, cesur çözümler etrafında geniş tabanlı bir fikir birliği oluşturmak için hâlâ umut var. Devam eden ayrıştırıcı siyasi savaşlara rağmen mevcut hükümet, daha fazla ekonomik politika oluşturma otoritesini devretme ve ülkenin daha az müreffeh bölgelerine yatırımı teşvik etme konusunda ciddileşmesi gerektiğini kabul ediyor gibi görünüyor. Dahası, İşçi Partisi uzun yıllar boyunca bölgeler arası eşitsizlik sorununu büyük ölçüde görmezden gelse de (2013-2014'te Şehirler Büyüme Komisyonu'na başkanlık ettiğim günlerden beri), sonunda <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.theguardian.com/inequality/2022/jul/24/can-labour-think-big-and-make-levelling-up-work" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">uyandı.</a>İngiltere'nin düşük performans gösteren bölgelerinin "seviyesini yükseltmek" hâlâ büyük bir umut vaat ediyor. David Cameron hükümetinin <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-32720462" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">Northern Powerhouse planında</a> gösterdiğimiz gibi, İngiltere, mükemmel üniversitelerinden, alternatif enerjilerinden ve diğer güvenilir inovasyon ve büyüme kaynaklarından yararlanabileceği bir konumda.İngiltere ekonomisinin yeni, ileriye dönük liderliğe ciddi anlamda ihtiyacı var. Seviye atlama sorununu en ciddiye alan siyasi parti, görevde kalacağı uzun sürenin tadını çıkarabilir.<hr fr-original-style="" style="height: 0px; overflow: visible; border-bottom: none; clear: both; user-select: none; break-after: page; box-sizing: border-box;">Jim O'Neill, Goldman Sachs Asset Management'ın eski başkanı, İngiltere'nin eski hazine bakanlarından ve Pan-Avrupa Sağlık ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Komisyonu üyesi.<hr fr-original-style="" style="height: 0px; overflow: visible; border-bottom: none; clear: both; user-select: none; break-after: page; box-sizing: border-box;">Telif hakkı: Project Syndicate, 2022.<a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.project-syndicate.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">www.project-syndicate.org</a><hr fr-original-style="" style="height: 0px; overflow: visible; border-bottom: none; clear: both; user-select: none; break-after: page; box-sizing: border-box;">Not: Bu makalede yer alan tüm görüşler yazarlara ait olup, Aposto'nun editoryal bakış açısını yansıtmamaktadır.

Fırtına bulutları çoğu büyük ekonominin üzerinde toplanıyor olsa da Birleşik Krallık, Brexit ve birbirini izleyen hükümetlerin zayıf üretkenliği ele almadaki başarısızlığı ve bölgeler arası eşitsizliklerin artması nedeniyle yıllardır eşdüzeylerinin arkasında kalıyor. Ülke çaresizce daha cesur bir politika gündemine ihtiyaç duyuyor.

İşler Birleşik Krallık için Sadece Daha İyiye Gidebilir

LONDON – A friend recently forwarded me an email from a client who was bemoaning the state of the United Kingdom and questioning whether it still met the standards of a G7 country. In response, I joked that since the population chose to leave the European Union, the country has been in the dismal position his client described, but maybe it cannot get much worse from here. A contrarian might want to buy the pound on the grounds that the mood will improve as things become marginally less disappointing.In fact, gallows humor aside, it would be a risky bet, because there is ample evidence to suggest that the country will be very challenged unless there are bolder policies. The reasons fall into three broad, interrelated categories, starting with Brexit.Britain has been paralyzed in many ways both by the decision to leave the EU and by the way it was done. Mainstream politicians and the current government are too scared to admit that Brexit has significantly harmed the economy. Nor will they even discuss the possibility of mimicking membership in the EU’s single market through the alignment of regulatory and trade policies.As a tactical matter, the current government’s reluctance is vaguely understandable, given <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-13/sunak-would-lose-uk-seat-under-poll-giving-labour-20-point-lead" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">current opinion polls</a> and persistent pressure from avid Brexiteers like Nigel Farage. But Labour, too, has remained relatively quiet. Although Labour leader Keir Starmer was one of the most <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/24/world/europe/starmer-britain-brexit.html" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">articulate advocates</a> of remaining in the EU, the party seems not to want to re-litigate the issue now that it is already ahead in the polls.Is this wise? All those cutting-edge analysts who presciently warned that disgruntled voters would be pleased if the UK left the EU are now pointing to signs that some of the same voters <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-poll-regret-economy-rejoin-eu-b2242226.html" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">regret</a> the decision, or at least the way it was carried out. There is certainly little doubt that Brexit has indeed been bad for the economy. Standard economic indicators – real (inflation-adjusted) <a fr-original-style="" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.KD.ZG?locations=OE-GB" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">GDP growth</a>, <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.ippr.org/news-and-media/press-releases/uk-business-investment-fell-to-lowest-rate-in-the-g7-after-corporation-tax-cut-to-19-per-cent-ippr-finds" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">investment</a> levels, the size of the <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.economicsobservatory.com/how-has-the-uks-pandemic-labour-market-compared-with-other-g7-countries" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">labor force</a> – all show that the UK has underperformed relative to its peers in recent years.Before the 2016 Brexit referendum, I could see why many might have wanted to leave the EU, even if it would almost certainly be an initial negative for the economy. I didn’t believe that the EU was the single most important issue facing the country. I was more worried about the UK’s dreadful <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.ft.com/content/e7a8cb3a-efcc-4d62-962b-d284545c14f6" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">productivity</a> performance and staggering <a fr-original-style="" href="https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/how-big-are-regional-economic-inequalities-in-the-uk/" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">regional inequalities</a>. Though I favored Remain, I was at least open to the idea that leaving the EU would provide the political shock necessary to tackle these problems.But while four subsequent prime ministers have claimed that they would address the country’s investment and productivity challenges, none has done so, either because they didn’t survive in power long enough or because they were never sincerely committed in the first place.That brings us to the UK’s second big problem: our <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.evidenceinvestor.com/uk-equity-funds-fared-dreadfully-in-the-recent-dowturn/" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">investment performance</a> remains dreadful relative to most of our peers, and it is hard to see how productivity will improve in the absence of a major change. The Brexit-induced shock to both trade and the labor supply has made the creation of a new investment program even more urgent.In 2022, Liz Truss’s short-lived government claimed it would boost productivity through old-fashioned tax cuts, but we know how that <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/pound-weakening-uk-us-fiscal-monetary-policy-factors-by-jim-o-neill-2022-09" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">turned out</a>. Now, her replacement, Rishi Sunak, has been concentrating on <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.livemint.com/news/world/rishi-sunak-eyes-50-billion-of-tax-hikes-spending-cuts-for-his-new-economic-plan-11666949776584.html" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">fiscal responsibility</a> while paying little attention to the still-urgent need to boost investment spending. While his government has restored some confidence in financial markets, it has not offered any new hope for the economy. Worse, it could be <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-62064552" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">two years</a> before the next election.In the UK and across other advanced economies, there is a clear case to be made for much bolder policies to force the private sector to boost investment spending. The case for bolder public investment spending is even stronger. As long as such a program is well articulated, transparent, and endorsed by non-partisan organizations (such as the UK’s Office for Budget Responsibility and the National Infrastructure Commission), financial markets will respond positively.The third big problem is <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/blog/how-government-can-make-progress-levelling-despite-tight-budgets" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">regional inequality</a>. Here, there is still hope for building a broad-based consensus around bold solutions. Notwithstanding the ongoing factional political battles, the current government seems to recognize that it must get serious about devolving more economic policymaking authority and stimulating investment in the country’s less prosperous areas. Moreover, though Labour largely ignored the problem of inter-regional inequality for many years (ever since the days when I chaired the Cities Growth Commission in 2013-14), the party has finally <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.theguardian.com/inequality/2022/jul/24/can-labour-think-big-and-make-levelling-up-work" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">woken up</a>.“Leveling up” the UK’s underperforming regions still holds massive promise. As we showed in the David Cameron government’s <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-32720462" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">Northern Powerhouse plan</a>, the UK is <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/northern-powerhouse-community-investment-by-jim-o-neill-2019-05?barrier=accesspaylog" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">well positioned</a> to capitalize on its excellent universities, alternative energies, and other reliable sources of innovation and growth.The UK economy desperately needs new, forward-looking leadership. The political party that takes the leveling-up challenge most seriously could enjoy a long stint in office.<hr fr-original-style="" style="height: 0px; overflow: visible; border-bottom: none; clear: both; user-select: none; break-after: page; box-sizing: border-box;">Jim O’Neill, a former chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management and a former UK treasury minister, is a member of the Pan-European Commission on Health and Sustainable Development.<hr fr-original-style="" style="height: 0px; overflow: visible; border-bottom: none; clear: both; user-select: none; break-after: page; box-sizing: border-box;">Copyright: Project Syndicate, 2022. <a fr-original-style="" href="http://www.project-syndicate.org/" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">www.project-syndicate.org</a>

Aposto Finance

Things Can Only Get Better for the UK

• <a fr-original-style="" href="https://amp.ft.com/content/fa209e51-7738-4e2e-97fa-293d5832b012" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">Former UK politician Nigel Farage</a> could make €18.5 million from share options in a carbon offsetting company, Dutch Green Business (DGB), despite launching a new campaign that opposes the UK government's net-zero 2050 targets.<img src="https://images.aposto.com/2022/2/3/1648678546965.jpeg" style="display: block; float: none; vertical-align: top; margin: 5px auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; max-width: 550px; border-style: none; position: relative; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box;" ratio="1.50" width="550" alt="Nigel Farage" fr-original-style="display: block; float: none; vertical-align: top; margin: 5px auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; max-width: 550px;" fr-original-class="fr-draggable">via The Times<ul fr-original-style="padding-inline-start: 20px;" style="padding-inline-start: 20px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; list-style-position: inside; box-sizing: border-box;"><li fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Background: The former UK Independence Party (UKIP) leader, who opposes net-zero but says he supports tree-planting, was widely reported to have taken an advisory role with Dutch Green Business (DGB) Group last year. Farage was also introduced to the business by John Mappin, a flag-flying QAnon conspiracy theorist.</li></ul>

Aposto World

• İtalya'da koalisyon hükümetinin ortaklarından 5 Yıldız Hareketi'nden atılan Senatör Gianluigi Paragone, ülkenin Avrupa Birliği'nden ayrılmasını hedefleyen "İtalya için Avrupa'ya hayır - Paragone ile Italexit" adlı bir parti kurdu.&nbsp;<ul><li>Ne olmuştu? Partiyi kurmadan önce Brexit'in mimarı Nigel Farage ile görüşen Paragone; 5 Yıldız Hareketi'nin "neoliberalleştiğini" iddia etmiş, koalisyon hükümetine güven oyu vermemiş, bütçe yasasına karşı çıkmış ve parti disiplin kurulu tarafından partiden <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://link.apostonews.com/click?uri=aHR0cHM6Ly9saW5rLmFwb3N0b25ld3MuY29tL2NsaWNrP3N0b3J5PTVmMWRkMTdmZmNhOGRlMDAwOTY3YzU2NSZ1cmw9aHR0cHMlMjUzQSUyNTJGJTI1MkZ3d3cuYmJjLmNvbSUyNTJGdHVya2NlJTI1MkZoYWJlcmxlci1kdW55YS01MzUzNzQyMg=="">atılmıştı.</a></li></ul>

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